What is Tamoxifen? Research Guide

Product information:

• Bioavailability – 100%
• Chemical formula – C32H37NO8
• Weight – 563.6

Synonyms:

• Istubal
• Tamoxifen (Citrate)
• Kessar
• Zemide
• Zitazonium
• Tamoxifen citrate salt
• ICI 46474
• UNII-7FRV7310N6
• C32H37NO8
• ICI 46474 citrate
• Tamoxifen Citrate (Nolvadex)
• ICI 46,474
• 54965-24-1 (citrate)
• 7FRV7310N6
• MFCD00058321
• NSC180973

Discovery of Tamoxifene:

In the year 19622, tamoxifen citrate was initially discovered in a British company (now known as AstraZeneca and previously named Imperial Chemical Industries) by a British scientist. The name of the scientist was Dora Richardson who developed the first sample of tamoxifen.

In the earlier phases, tamoxifen citrate indicated the contraceptive drug due to its significant birth control effects in rats through the anti-oestrogen mechanism. In the time of early 1970s, tamoxifen citrate produced opposite effects in humans by making the consumers more fertile specifically women (stimulation of ovulation). Recently, tamoxifen citrate is the most potent anti-cancer drug which is also beneficial for several other conditions.

Mechanism of action:

Tamoxifen citrate has a dual action on the body. Initially, it tends to compete with the E2 at the 17-beta oestradiol receptor site. Here, it blocks the promotional role of E2 for breast cancer development. In the later action, tamoxifen citrate binds with the DNA after activating the metabolic pathway for initiation of carcinogenesis. Tamoxifen citrate belongs to a class of antioestrogen medications. It helps in blocking the activity of the oestrogen in the female breasts. Several tumours are dependent on oestrogen for their growth. Therefore, tamoxifen citrate helps in preventing the growth of different oestrogen-dependent tumours.

Clinical applications:

Treatment and prevention of metastatic and invasive breast cancer:

Tamoxifen citrate is an effective drug for the intervention of metastatic breast cancer. In women (after menopause), tamoxifen citrate works as an alternative to ovarian irradiation. For women who are suffering from DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), tamoxifen citrate can help with the reduction in the risk of invasive breast cancer after breast surgery and radiation therapy. According to different clinical evidence, patients having positive oestrogen receptor tumours have more likelihood of better prognosis with the use of tamoxifen citrate. Mostly, tamoxifen citrate is the best prescribed for female patients who are at higher risk for carcinogenesis.

Breast cancer combination therapy:

After radiation therapy and surgeries (axillary dissection, total mastectomy, and segmental mastectomy), tamoxifen citrate is mostly prescribed as an adjuvant treatment. tamoxifen citrate treatment helps in reducing the risk of contralateral breast cancer in breast cancer patients.

Disclaimer:

The data provided in this article about Tamoxifen has been written to provide knowledge for the research purposes only. The article is specifically designed to provide information about Tamoxifen Citrate rather than giving instructions about the use of it. Furthermore, there has been no mention of the route of administration or dosage of the Tamoxifen. The information provided in the article has been collected from different published researchers by a group of expert researchers keeping the medical protocols in view.

Furthermore, this article does not contain any information to encourage readers to consume or advertise Tamoxifen. We do not condone any advertisement of any supplement or drug that the FDA has not approved. Melanotan Express insists that no product should be ingested under any circumstances.

References:

• Tamoxifen citrate | Compound| Pubchem|https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tamoxifen-citrate
• Tamoxifen citrate | Compound|Chemspider|http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2015313.html
• Kathle, P. K., Gautam, N., & Kesavan, K. (2018). Tamoxifen citrate loaded chitosan-gellan nanocapsules for breast cancer therapy: Development, characterisation and in-vitro cell viability study. Journal of Microencapsulation, 35(3), 292-300.
• Clemons, M., Danson, S., & Howell, A. (2002). Tamoxifen (‘Nolvadex’): a review: Antitumour treatment. Cancer treatment reviews, 28
• Chew, H. K. (2001). Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: who should get what?. Western Journal of Medicine, 174(4), 284.
• Gierach, G. L., Curtis, R. E., Pfeiffer, R. M., Mullooly, M., Ntowe, E. A., Hoover, R. N., … & de Gonzalez, A. B. (2017). Association of adjuvant tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor therapy with contralateral breast cancer risk among US women with breast cancer in a general community setting. JAMA oncology, 3(2), 186-193.

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